Hazard Rate

The hazard rate (or the failure rate) is a continuous non-negative random variable that can be represented as h(t).

It is directly related to the density (of data) and inversely to the survival function. It is a value that can range from 0 to 1 and is broken down in some ways.

The instantaneous failure rate is the probability to fail at some specific point (or limit with continuous functions).

The model gives participants a chance of death as a function of age or it can be used to find time-periods with higher changes in an event.  

There are certain conditions where cumulative hazards imply and one may have to consider the instantaneous rise or loss that happens in a narrow time-duration like the one we see in crude oil price history data or currency and commodity trading or financial market failure.

It was designed for testing hypothesis problem for fuzzy data. In some cases, the rate is neither increasing not decreasing and it can result in a hump pattern, and sometimes, its value is zero or its limit goes to infinity. 

The term hazard indicates the probability that an individual under the clinical trial at a particular time t has already survived to the time “t.” It represents the non-repairable populations as the instantaneous rate of failure for the survivors.  

It is a dynamic characteristic of a distribution like a fingerprint, which can be compared against a benchmark.

There can be certain events that are not bound to happen like men and women, who choose to remain single, may never marry in life or those who are satisfied with their job, may never leave it, but those who are single may marry at one point of time, or a person can change the job in a very short period.  

Like if reading the car speedometer, it does not matter the previous readings if at the particular instant the failure rate changes and then, the readings that were previously taken have no further role. 

In life testing, the mean residual life can be employed, which can describe the bootstrap method for estimating variance.