CRAR

CRAR or CAR (Capital adequacy ratio) is used to assess the ability of a bank to absorb losses.

The minimum capital ratios are viewed by the banks as the acceptable standards to ensure the condition is fundamentally sound. 

Maturing assets and liabilities are classified based on the residual maturity (i.e. the remaining period) and not on their contractual maturity, under various time frames also termed as time buckets (1 day; 2-7 days; 

8-14 days; 15-28 days; 29 days-3 months; 3-6 months; 6 months-1 Year; 1-3 Years; 3-5 Years; 5 Years & above).

Another bucket is known as ‘non-sensitive’ wherein all assets and liabilities that are not sensitive to interest rates are classified e.g Cash, CA balance with other banks, FA, Capital, R&S, etc. 

Assets of the bank are in the form of:

• Loans & advances

• Long term investment vehicles

• Balances with the Central Bank,

• Balances with other Banks

• Cash money

• Fixed assets

• Other assets, etc

Liabilities of the bank are in the form of:

• Deposits

• Borrowings

• Other liabilities and provisions

• Capital reserve and surplus etc. 

Minimum Capital Requirement - Maintenance of capital concerning the risk-weighted assets.

CAR= Tier 1 Capital + Tier 2 Capital /(divided by) Risk-Weighted Assets   

The other ratios that are computed are:

• Common Equity Tier I Capital ratio =  Common Equity Tier I Capital / RWA for (Credit risk + Market risk + Operational risk)

• Tier I Capital ratio =  Tier I Capital / RWA for (Credit risk + Market risk + Operational risk)

• Total Capital ratio =   Eligible total Capital / RWA for (Credit risk + Market risk + Operational risk)

Components of Common Equity Tier 1 Capital:

• Paid-up equity capital

• Stock surplus (share premium) resulting from the issue of common shares.

• Statutory reserves

• Capital reserves representing surplus arising out of sale proceeds of assets

• Other disclosed free reserves

• Balance in P&L A/c at the end of the previous FY

• Current Year Profit on Quarterly basis provided incremental NPA provision at the end of any of 4 quarters of the previous FY.

Components of Additional Tier I Capital

• Perpetual Non-cumulative Preference Shares (PNCPS)

• Stock Surplus (share premium) resulting from the issue of instruments included in Additional Tier 1 capital

• Debt Capital instruments eligible for inclusion in Additional Tier 1 capital

• Any other type of financial investment instrument generally notified by the central banks from time to time.

Components of Tier II Capital

• General Provisions and Loss Reserves up to a maximum of the pre-defined risk-weighted assets-standardized approach by the central banks. 

• Debt Capital Instruments issued by the banks

• Preference Share Capital Instruments [(i) Redeemable cumulative preference shares - RCPS (ii) Redeemable non-cumulative preference shares - RNCPS (iii) Perpetual cumulative preference shares – PCPS]

• Stock surplus (share premium) resulting from the issue of instruments included in Tier 2 capital.

Risk-Weighted Assets:

FB (On-Balance sheet) items: Assets such as cash, loans, investments, and other assets, to which the degree of risk expressed as %age weights.

NFB (Off-Balance Sheet) items: Such items are first multiplied by the credit conversion factor and then again multiplied by the relevant risk weightage to calculate the risk value.

Basel recognized securities which are considered for risk mitigation are:

•  Cash Margin,

•  Bank Deposit,

•  Gold and commodities,

•  NSC & KVP (Face Value),

•  Insurance Policies (Surrender Value),&

•  Government securities (Face Value).