How to Calculate Bond Order

In the molecular orbital theory, bond length, bond strength, bond order, and magnetic properties of different molecules plays an important role. 

Bond order is just several electrons that are present between two atoms. One can calculate the bond order of any molecule by creating a molecular orbital diagram like calculate the bond order in h−2. 

To create the molecular diagram, you can start with the orbital diagram for both the atoms, focusing on the valence electrons.
 
Linus Pauling introduces this concept. It is necessary to know the difference between the number of bonds and anti-bonds present in an atom. 

So you need to determine the bond order to determine the bond strength. It is essentially how tightly the bonds are associated or bonded to each other and how affected the overlap is between the different atoms. 

Another important aspect of the molecular orbital theory is the bond length. It is important to understand that the bond length and bond strength are inversely proportional to each other. 

If the bond strength is very high that means the bonds are closer to each other. The bond strength or overlapping is weak then that means bonds are farther from each other.
 
Now, what is bond dissociation energy? The bond dissociation energy means an amount of energy that is required to break that bond. 

It is noticeable that bond strength is related to the bond dissociation energy. Hence, you might understand that the higher bond is related to the stronger bond and shorter bond. 

If the bond length decreases with the increase of the bond order and vice-versa.

What is Bond Order?

Bond order is nothing but the number of bonds or the number of shared pairs of electrons between two atoms. It is relatively a straightforward concept where the bond order gives the number of bonds between two atoms in a molecule. 
 
Now, hydrogen and hydrogen share one pair of electrons. Therefore, they have a single covalent bond. Therefore, hydrogen has a Bond Order of 1. On the other hand, oxygen molecule, O2 has 2pairs of electrons. It has a double covalent bond.  

Therefore, bond order is nothing but the number of shared pairs of electrons or the number of bonds shared between atoms. 
 
Is electronic molecules mean molecules that have the same number of electrons or which show the same kind of Bond Order. They usually have the same bond order such as fluorine and fluorine. 

Each fluorine has 7 electrons in its outermost cell and to complete the octet, it needs to form one bond. 

Therefore, the fluorine molecule is formed by sharing one pair of electrons between the two fluorine’s resulting in a single bond. Hence, the Bond Order is 1.

What is the Formula of Bond Order with an Example?
 

Mainly the Bond Order concept is used in molecular dynamics. The importance of defining the bond length is to find out the distance between the core of the covalent atoms. 
Bond Order Formula:
 
Let’s check how to find out the bond order. There is a formula for calculating the Bond Order.  
Bond Order = ½ [ Number of bonding Electrons - Number of Anti-bonding Electrons ].
 
The number of bonding electrons is denoted by Nb, and
The number of anti-bonding electrons is denoted by Na.
 
Let;s see how this formula will help to find out the bond order.
Suppose, you have to find out the bond order for hydrogen gas with the help of this formula.
To find out the bond order of the hydrogen gas, follow the steps that are mentioned in the section below.

Step 1. 

In the first step, you have to write down the electronic configuration of the hydrogen atom. The electronic configuration of the hydrogen gas is (σ1s)2.
 
Step 2. 

In the next step, you have to enter the values in the formula. By entering the value in the formula, you will get 
Bond Order = ½ [2-0] = 1.
                           
Here, the number of bonding electrons is 2 and the number of anti-bonding electrons is 0.
Hence, the Bond Order of the hydrogen gas is 1 and there are no unpaired electrons present in the hydrogen gas.

What is Bond Order N2?

Electronic configuration of N-atom(Z=7) is 1 s to the power of 2 space end exponent 2 s squared 2 p subscript x superscript 1 2 p subscript y superscript 1 2 p subscript z superscript 1. The total number of electrons present in the N2 molecule is 14.

Determine the bond order for the n2+ ion, N2+ ion is formed by the loss of one electron from the N2 molecule. This lost electron will be lost from (2pz) orbital. Hence, the electronic configuration of N2+ ion will be

N2+ = KK[(2s)]2 [*(2s)]2 [(2px)]2 [(2py)]2 [(2pz)]1
Here, Nb =7, Na=2 so that
bond order of N2 =Nb-Na/2=8-2/2=3.

What is a Bond Order Calculator?

If we have several electrons as 14 its bond order will be 3. The trick is if we increase the number of electrons or decrease the number of electron the bond order decrease by one. 

For 16 electrons the bond order will be 2 and for 12 electrons the bond order will be 2. 

If you increase the electron 2 so the 18 electrons bond order is one. and for the 10 electrons, we all have the bond order is one. You have to focus on the 14 electron species. 

If it increases the electron by 2 or decreases the electron by 2 the bond order will decrease by one. now if you go for 20 electrons the bond order will be 0. 

Similarly, for 8 electrons, the bond order becomes 0. If the number f electron is less than 8 the formula for bond order is (1/2) {the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbital - the number of ABMO}. 
this formula is a gentle trick to find bond orders of elements.
 

Example -

Electronic configuration of C2 = (2s)2 (*2s)2 n(2px)2 n(2py)2
Step 2. From the above electron configuration, but the values in the formula

Bond order = (Nb – Na) / 2
=( 8 – 4 )/ 2
= 2

How to Determine the Bond Length?

Bond length is the internuclear distance between two bonded atoms is called bond length. dA-B = RA + RB – 0.09 (xA – xB) this is the formula for bond length. 

rA means the radius of and RB means the radius of b. XA means electronegativity of A and XB means electronegativity of the element B. 

If electro negativity decries the bond size is also increases basically. In nutshell, we can say if electronegativity is increasing then the bond length is decreasing. We can relate electronegativity atomic size also. 

Suppose you have a carbon size of x and a silicon size of y. So mathematically the size of y or the value of y is greater than x. 

Bond length is a function of bond length. Bond length is inversely propositional to bond angle. if the bond angle is more then that bond length is small and if the bond angle is small then the bond length is large. 

That is why this relation comes into blink. Bond energy is directly propositional to Bond Order. If bond length is increasing we have to provide less energy it means bond energy will be inversely propositional to bond length. 

And if the band size is increasing hence we can say that the bond energy will decrease. There is a kind of exception in the 3rd periodic table elements because there are vacant orbital and an extra kind of back bonding.

2>1>3>4 this will be the order of bond energy of the 3rd periodic table.

How to Find Bond Order of O2?

How to find bond order of o2, to calculate the bond order of o2

Bond order (B.O) 1/2 × [Number of an electron in antibonding molecular orbitals] – [Number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals]

(1) B.O for O2 = 1/2 × [10 – 6]
B.O for O2 = 2

(2) B.O for O2– = 1/2 × [10 – 7]
B.O for O2– = 1.5

(3) B.O for O2+ = 1/2 × [10 – 5]
B.O for O2+ = 2.5

(4) B.O for O22- = 1/2 × [10 – 8]
B.O for O22- = 1
∴ The increasing order of bond length for these species is

O2+< O2 < O2– < O22-

What is F2 Bond Order? 

Bond order of f2+ the pale, yellow-green hue of the F2 reflects the natural fluorine gas that exists. This is a halogen that interacts with metals and creates salts, including sodium as well as fluoride. 

Simply stated, while F contains 7 Valence electrons, this, therefore, establishes a relation to satisfying its octane by exchanging electrons with some other F. 

This bond order also can be found utilizing sophisticated MOT or Molecular Orbital Theory. 

The Bond order in terms of F2 is consequently 1 only. Which Bond Order consists half that of the overall amount of that same bonding electrons as well as of the anti-bonding electrons throughout the compound. 

In an attempt to discover the cumulative electrons in bonding (Nb) as well as maximum anti-bonding (Nb), we must analyze or report the structure through the diagram of the F2 molecular orbital. 

• In terms of maintaining cohesion, you require 1/2(number of bonding electrons - no of anti-monopolistic consequently; F2+, F2.So, F2+>F2);

• Second, F2;s electron structure seems to be (sigma 2s)^2. (sigma 2s*)^2. (sigma 2px)^2. (pi 2py)^2.

With the volume of anti-bonding, 10 or 8, in terms of Difluorine, offer the BO of 1. 

Which has no unpaired electrons and seems to be diamagnetic as well? Bond Order being described in molecular orbital theory also as half the discrepancy between both the number of bonding electrons as well as the number of anti-bonding electrons. 

Using this expression as the aforementioned: Bond Order = Bond Order = [(Number of electrons in bonding molecules) - (Number of electrons in anti-bonding molecules)]/2.

What is the Bond Order of CO? 

CO;s bond order is 3. The number of chemical interactions between such atom pairs seems to be the Bond Order. 

For instance, the bond order of diatomic N N≡N being 3, the bond order of acetylene H−C≡C−H is always 3 and each bond order is C-H 1. 

The sequence of bonds demonstrates a bond;s resilience. mA bond order value factor may never be 0, however, 0 bond value can be embedded in compounds. Species with the same amount of bond is electronic. 

The Bond Order is however defined throughout the molecular orbital theory as half the varies between the number of the bonding elements as well as the number of anti-bonding electrons according to the following formula. 

Sometimes but perhaps not the outcomes are identical for bonds close to their balance sizes but with extended bonds. Bond order is also a strength properties index that is commonly used for the valence bond theory.

Bond order=1⁄2 (No anti-bonding MO electron – no bonding MO electron).  As the consistency of H+2 (bond length 105 pm, bond strength 269 kJ/mol), as well as He +2 (bond length 28 pm, bond strength 251 kJ/mol), might become reliable. In the first instance, binding orders can be robust.

What is a Shortcut on how to Find the Bond Order of any Molecule?

The bond order is just a number that describes how effective the correlation between these two atoms that comprise a molecule seems to be. 

When the B.O becomes strong, the molecule remains stable, or even the B.O. becomes weak, the molecule is assumed to be less robust. This implies that B.O influences molecule equilibrium. 

And here;s a formula for the Bond Order calculation: 

• BondOrder=12(Nb–Na)BondOrder=12(Nb–Na) 

• In which, Nb = Bonding M.O. No of electrons. 

• As well as Na = Anti-Bonding M.O. Electrons No. 

In entry assessments, we have to handle everything promptly, so this approach for measuring the B.O. is not preferred there either. 

For some genus of 10 to 18 electrons this strategy works. First of all: N2 contains 14 electrons and the bond order is 3. This is the first thing you have to note. Each addition or subtraction of 14 electrons will decrease the order of bonds by 0.5.

Conclusion:- 

The sequence of bonds seems to be the sum of electron-paired bonding between two atoms. 

As two atoms merge to construct a molecule, the electrons merge them across holes throughout the orbital shells of one another. 

The forming of molecular bonds either begins with the closest available orbital shell expanding or spreads outwards like the set of electrons from the atom. 

A single bond seems to have a Bond Order, a dual bond with a bond order among two, a triple bonding with a bond order among three, and often in a covalent bond between two atoms. 

The following steps are used to establish the bond order between two atoms with covalent bonds: 

Lewis Structure
Evaluate the kind of relations between the two atoms. There are a few bonds you will get to see including, No bond, Single bond, Double bond, Triple bond. 
The molecule cannot develop unless the Bond Order becomes zero. The higher bonding order in terms of the new molecule demonstrates good robustness. 

The bond order doesn't have to be an integer throughout compounds which have reflection bonding.